Extracting Non-Standard SquashFS Images – /dev/ttyS0

SquashFS is a widely used file system in embedded Linux devices; in fact, it is probably one of the most commonly used file systems among Linux based consumer products. While many devices use standard SquashFS file systems that can be extracted using the unsquashfs tools provided in the firmware mod… Continue reading

Reverse Engineering VxWorks Firmware: WRT54Gv8 – /dev/ttyS0

The ability to analyze a firmware image and extract data from it is extremely useful. It can allow you to analyze an embedded device for bugs, vulnerabilities, or GPL violations without ever having access to the device. In this tutorial, we’ll be examining the firmware update file for the Linksys… Continue reading

Binwalk v0.3.6 Release – /dev/ttyS0

Binwalk v0.3.6 has just been released and includes improved signatures and user requested feature additions: Improved (again!) LZMA matching and false positive identification Ability to specify multiple target files on the command line By default all gzip and lzma signatures are enabled, and all matches marked as invalid are excluded… Continue reading

Mystery File System – /dev/ttyS0

Last week Jim posted a comment asking about reverse engineering the firmware for some Chinese routers with the intention of extracting the Web files and translating them to English. Although I usually work with Linux based firmware, this sounded interesting so I thought I’d investigate. Although I wasn’t able to… Continue reading

Firmware Patching: Fixing the TEW-632BRP – /dev/ttyS0

Customizing firmware images can be a very useful skill, allowing you to add or unlock features, fix bugs, and patch vulnerabilities when vendors can’t (or won’t) do so in a timely manner. A while ago I found that my Trendnet TEW-632BRP and TEW-652BRP routers had a TFTP service running on… Continue reading

Reverse Engineering Firmware: Linksys WAG120N – /dev/ttyS0

The ability to analyze a firmware image and extract data from it is extremely useful. It can allow you to analyze an embedded device for bugs, vulnerabilities, or GPL violations without ever having access to the device. In this tutorial, we’ll be examining the firmware update file for the Linksys… Continue reading